Process of Gene Modification (GM Animals)

Process of GM:
1. identification of the gene interest;
2. isolation of the gene of interest;
3. transfer and modification of gene
3. amplifying the gene to produce many copies;
4. associating the gene with an appropriate promoter and poly A sequence and insertion into plasmids
5. multiplying the plasmid in bacteria and recovering the cloned construct for injection (aka recombinant-DNA formation, or gene splicing);
6. transference of the construct into the recipient tissue, usually fertilized eggs;
7. integration of gene into recipient genome;
8. expression of gene in recipient genome; and
9. inheritance of gene through further generations.

(adapted from http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/Y4955E/y4955e06.htm)